Ko te TPU he elastomer thermoplastic polyurethane, he copolymer poraka maha-wāhanga i hangaia mai i ngā diisocyanates, polyols, me ngā whakaroa mekameka. Hei elastomer mahi-teitei, he whānuitia ngā huarahi hua o te TPU, ā, he whānuitia te whakamahinga i roto i ngā mea e hiahiatia ana i ia rā, i ngā taputapu hākinakina, i ngā taonga takaro, i ngā rauemi whakapaipai, me ētahi atu mara, pērā i ngā rauemi hū, i ngā ngongo, i ngā taura, i ngā taputapu hauora, me ētahi atu.
I tēnei wā, ko ngā kaihanga rauemi mata matua o te TPU ko BASF, Covestro, Lubrizol, Huntsman, Wanhua Chemical,Linghua Rauemi Hou, me ērā atu. Nā te whakatakotoranga me te whānui haere o te kaha o ngā umanga ā-rohe, he tino whakataetae te umanga TPU i tēnei wā. Heoi, i roto i te mara tono teitei, kei te whakawhirinaki tonu ki ngā kawemai, he wāhanga anō hoki tēnei e hiahia ana a Haina ki te whakatutuki i ngā putanga hou. Me kōrero tātou mō ngā tūmanakohanga mākete ā-muri mō ngā hua TPU.
1. E-TPU pahuka tino nui
I te tau 2012, i whakawhanakehia ngātahitia e Adidas me BASF te waitohu hu oma EnergyBoost, e whakamahi ana i te TPU pahuka (ingoa hokohoko infinergy) hei rauemi waenga waewae. Nā te whakamahinga o te TPU polyether me te pakeke Shore A o te 80-85 hei papa, ki te whakaritea ki ngā waenga waewae EVA, ka taea tonu e ngā waenga waewae TPU pahuka te pupuri i te ngāwari me te ngawari i ngā taiao i raro i te 0 ℃, e whakapai ake ana i te whakamarie mau, ā, e mōhiotia whānuitia ana i te mākete.
2. Rauemi hiato TPU whakarerekē kua whakapakarihia ki te muka
He pai te ātete pānga o te TPU, engari i ētahi whakamahinga, me nui te kaha o te elasticity me ngā rauemi tino mārō. Ko te whakarerekētanga whakakaha muka karāhe he tikanga e whakamahia whānuitia ana hei whakanui ake i te elasticity o ngā rauemi. Mā te whakarerekētanga, ka taea te whiwhi rauemi hiato thermoplastic me ngā painga maha pērā i te elasticity teitei, te pai o te whakamarumaru, te kaha o te ātete wera, te pai o te mahi whakaora elasticity, te pai o te ātete waikura, te ātete pānga, te iti o te tauwehenga whānui, me te pumau o ngā āhuatanga.
Kua whakaurua e BASF tētahi hangarau mō te whakarite i ngā TPU whakakaha muka karāhe teitei te modulus mā te whakamahi i ngā muka poto karāhe i roto i tana patent. I hangaia he TPU me te pakeke Shore D o te 83 mā te whakaranu i te polytetrafluoroethylene glycol (PTMEG, Mn=1000), MDI, me te 1,4-butanediol (BDO) me te 1,3-propanediol hei rauemi mata. I whakakotahihia tēnei TPU ki te muka karāhe i roto i te ōwehenga papatipu o te 52:48 hei whiwhi i tētahi rauemi hiato me te modulus elastic o te 18.3 GPa me te kaha kume o te 244 MPa.
Haunga te muka karāhe, kei reira anō ngā pūrongo mō ngā hua e whakamahi ana i te TPU hiato muka waro, pērā i te papa hiato muka waro/TPU Maezio a Covestro, he iti ake te kaha o te taura ki te 100GPa, ā, he iti iho te mātotoru i ngā konganuku.
3. TPU ārai mura kore-halogen
He kaha teitei te TPU, he pakari teitei, he ātete pai ki te kakahu me ētahi atu āhuatanga, he mea tino pai hei rauemi hipoki mō ngā waea me ngā taura. Engari i roto i ngā mara tono pēnei i ngā teihana utu, me nui ake te ātete mura. E rua ngā huarahi hei whakapai ake i te mahi ātete mura o te TPU. Ko tētahi ko te whakarerekētanga ātete mura tauhohe, arā, ko te whakauru i ngā rauemi ātete mura pēnei i te polyols, te isocyanates rānei kei roto te phosphorus, te hauota, me ētahi atu huānga ki roto i te hanganga o te TPU mā te hononga matū; Ko te tuarua ko te whakarerekētanga ātete mura tāpiri, arā, ko te whakamahi i te TPU hei papa me te tāpiri i ngā ātete mura mō te whakaranu rewa.
Ka taea e te whakarerekētanga tauhohe te whakarerekē i te hanganga o te TPU, engari ina nui te nui o te ātete mura tāpiri, ka heke te kaha o te TPU, ka heke te mahi tukatuka, ā, mā te tāpiri i te iti o te nui, kāore e taea te whakatutuki i te taumata ātete mura e hiahiatia ana. I tēnei wā, kāore he hua ātete mura teitei e wātea ana i te hokohoko ka taea te whakatutuki i te tono o ngā teihana utu.
I mua, i whakauruhia e Bayer MaterialScience o mua (ināianei ko Kostron) he polyol kei roto te phosphorus waro (IHPO) i ahu mai i te phosphine oxide i roto i tētahi patene. Ko te polyether TPU i hangaia mai i te IHPO, PTMEG-1000, 4,4 '- MDI, me te BDO he tino pai te ātete mura me ngā āhuatanga miihini. He maeneene te tukanga whakaputa, ā, he maeneene te mata o te hua.
Ko te tāpiri i ngā ārai mura kore-halogen te huarahi hangarau e whakamahia whānuitia ana i tēnei wā mō te whakarite i ngā TPU ārai mura kore-halogen. I te nuinga o te wā, ka whakakotahihia ngā ārai mura e hangai ana ki te phosphorus, te hauota, te silicon, te boron rānei, ka whakamahia rānei ngā hauwaiwai konganuku hei ārai mura. Nā te ngāwari o te mura o te TPU, he maha ngā wā e hiahiatia ana he nui ake i te 30% o te whakakī ārai mura hei hanga i tētahi paparanga ārai mura pumau i te wā e tahuna ana. Heoi, ina nui te nui o te ārai mura e tāpirihia ana, ka marara koretake te ārai mura ki roto i te papa TPU, ā, kāore i te pai ngā āhuatanga hangarau o te TPU ārai mura, ka whakawhāitihia hoki tōna tono me te whakatairanga i roto i ngā mara pēnei i ngā ngongo, ngā kiriata, me ngā taura.
I roto i te patent a BASF, ka whakauruhia he hangarau TPU ātete-mumura, e whakaranu ana i te melamine polyphosphate me te waikawa phosphinic kei roto te phosphorus hei ātete-mumura me te TPU he taumaha toharite neke atu i te 150kDa. I kitea kua tino pai ake te mahi ātete-mumura, ā, kua eke ki te kaha kume teitei.
Hei whakarei ake i te kaha kume o te rauemi, ka whakauruhia e te patent a BASF tētahi tikanga mō te whakarite i te masterbatch agent crosslinking kei roto ngā isocyanates. Mā te tāpiri i te 2% o tēnei momo masterbatch ki tētahi hanganga e tutuki ana i ngā whakaritenga aukati mura UL94V-0 ka taea te whakanui ake i te kaha kume o te rauemi mai i te 35MPa ki te 40MPa me te pupuri tonu i te mahi aukati mura V-0.
Hei whakapai ake i te ātete ki te wera o te TPU ātete-mura, ko te patent oKamupene Rauemi Hou o Linghuaka whakaurua hoki he tikanga mō te whakamahi i ngā waikura whakarewa kua pania ki te mata hei ārai mura. Hei whakapai ake i te ātete waikura o ngā TPU ārai mura,Kamupene Rauemi Hou o Linghuai whakaurua te konganuku waro i runga i te kaupapa o te tāpiri i te aukati mura melamine i roto i tētahi atu tono patent.
4. TPU mō te kiriata tiaki peita motuka
He kiriata tiaki peita waka te kiriata tiaki e wehe ana i te mata peita mai i te hau i muri i te tāutanga, e ārai ana i te ua waikawa, te waikura, ngā karawarawa, ā, e whakarato ana i te tiakitanga roa mō te mata peita. Ko tana mahi matua he tiaki i te mata peita waka i muri i te tāutanga. Ko te kiriata tiaki peita e toru ngā paparanga, he paninga whakaora-ake i runga i te mata, he kiriata pūmua i waenganui, me te piripiri kiriaku tairongo-pēhanga i runga i te paparanga o raro. Ko te TPU tētahi o ngā rauemi matua mō te whakarite i ngā kiriata pūmua waenga.
Ko ngā whakaritenga mahi mō te TPU e whakamahia ana i roto i te kiriata tiaki peita koia ēnei: te ātete ki te rakuraku, te mārama teitei (te whakawhiti mārama>95%), te ngāwari pāmahana iti, te ātete pāmahana teitei, te kaha kume>50MPa, te roa>400%, me te whānuitanga pakeke o Shore A o te 87-93; Ko te mahi tino nui ko te ātete ki te huarere, tae atu ki te ātete ki te koroheketanga UV, te whakahekenga waikura wera, me te hydrolysis.
Ko ngā hua kua pakari i tēnei wā ko ngā TPU aliphatic i hangaia mai i te dicyclohexyl diisocyanate (H12MDI) me te polycaprolactone diol hei rauemi mata. Ka kitea te kōwhai o ngā TPU kakara noa i muri i te rā kotahi o te hihi UV, engari ko ngā TPU aliphatic e whakamahia ana mō te kiriata takai waka ka taea te pupuri i tōna tauwehenga kōwhai me te kore he huringa nui i raro i ngā āhuatanga ōrite.
He pai ake te mahi a te TPU Poly (ε – caprolactone) ki te whakataurite ki te polyether me te polyester TPU. I tetahi taha, he pai rawa atu tōna ātete ki te haehae o te TPU polyester noa, engari i tetahi atu taha, he tino pai hoki tōna ātete ki te pēhanga iti me te kaha whakahoki o te TPU polyether, nō reira e whakamahia whānuitia ana i te mākete.
Nā te rerekētanga o ngā whakaritenga mō te whai huatanga o te hua i muri i te wehewehenga mākete, me te whakapainga o te hangarau paninga mata me te kaha ki te whakarerekē i te tauira piri, tera pea ka whakamahia te polyether, te polyester H12MDI aliphatic TPU noa rānei ki ngā kiriata tiaki peita a meake nei.
5. TPU hanga-koiora
Ko te tikanga noa mō te whakarite i ngā TPU hangai ki te koiora ko te whakauru i ngā monomer hangai ki te koiora, ngā takawaenga rānei i te wā o te tukanga whakapūhui, pērā i ngā isocyanate hangai ki te koiora (pērā i te MDI, PDI), ngā polyol hangai ki te koiora, me ētahi atu. I roto i ēnei, he onge noa iho ngā isocyanate hangai ki te koiora i te mākete, engari he nui ake te kitea o ngā polyol hangai ki te koiora.
Mō ngā isocyanates e ahu mai ana i te koiora, mai anō i te tau 2000, kua whakapau kaha a BASF, Covestro, me ētahi atu ki te rangahau PDI, ā, ko te puranga tuatahi o ngā hua PDI i tukuna ki te mākete i te tau 2015-2016. Kua whakawhanakehia e Wanhua Chemical ngā hua TPU e ahu mai ana i te koiora 100% mā te whakamahi i te PDI e ahu mai ana i te koiora i hangaia mai i te oumu kānga.
Mō ngā polyols koiora, kei roto ko te polytetrafluoroethylene koiora (PTMEG), te 1,4-butanediol koiora (BDO), te 1,3-propanediol koiora (PDO), ngā polyols polyester koiora, ngā polyols polyether koiora, me ētahi atu.
I tēnei wā, he maha ngā kaihanga TPU kua whakarewa i ngā TPU hanga-koiora, ā, he rite tonu te mahi ki ngā TPU hanga-matū-hinu tuku iho. Ko te rerekētanga matua i waenga i ēnei TPU hanga-koiora kei roto i te taumata o te ihirangi hanga-koiora, mai i te 30% ki te 40% te nuinga, ā, ko ētahi kua eke ki ngā taumata teitei ake. Ki te whakatauritea ki ngā TPU hanga-matū-hinu tuku iho, he pai ngā TPU hanga-koiora pēnei i te whakaiti i ngā tukunga waro, te whakaora pumau o ngā rauemi mata, te whakaputa matomato, me te tiaki rauemi. BASF, Covestro, Lubrizol, Wanhua Chemical, meLinghua Rauemi Houkua whakarewahia ā rātou waitohu TPU e hangai ana ki te koiora, ā, ko te whakaiti waro me te pumau he huarahi matua anō hoki mō te whanaketanga o ngā TPU ā muri ake nei.
Wā tuku: Akuhata-09-2024